Η Συνοικία Της Χρυσοπηγής Στην Πόλη Του Ηρακλείου

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Η σημερινή συνοικία της Χρυσοπηγής, ήταν κάποτε ένα λεπροχώρι! Λεγόταν τότε Μεσκινιά και για 187 χρόνια – μέχρι το 1903, όταν οι λεπροί πήραν τον δρόμο για τη Σπιναλόγκα – φιλοξένησε τους λεπρούς του νομού Ηρακλείου. Η δε λέξη μεσκίνης είναι μάλλον τουρκική και σημαίνει το λεπρό και τον άθλιο.

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Μέχρι το 1717, οι λεπροί κυκλοφορούσαν ελεύθεροι στην Κρήτη και έπρεπε να φορούν κουδούνια για να προειδοποιούν τον κόσμο να απομακρύνεται έγκαιρα από κοντά τους. 

Αργότερα θα μεταφερθούν σε μικρά προάστια στα γεωγραφικά όρια των πόλεων που ονομάστηκαν «μεσκινιές» και όσοι ζούσαν εκεί «μεσκίνιδες ή καταλυμένοι». 

Το Σεπτέμβριο του 1717, ο Μεχμέτ πασάς του Μεγάλου Κάστρου (Ηράκλειο) εξέδωσε διαταγή να μεταφερθούν όλοι οι λεπροί της περιοχής στους μαγαράδες (σπηλιές) του Μαρουλά, που μετονομάστηκε σε «Μεσκινιά». Εκατοντάδες άνθρωποι «έζησαν» τον πόνο και τα όνειρά τους μέσα σε σπίτια που ήταν χωσμένα στη γη.

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Ο πρωτοπρεσβύτερος Ιωάννης Μακράκης συγκέντρωσε στοιχεία για τους λεπρούς της Μεσκινιάς και έγραψε την ιστορική μελέτη «Η Μεσκινιά του Μεγάλου Κάστρου». Στον πρόλογο του βιβλίου του κάνει λόγο για τους χανσενικούς της περιοχής, ανάμεσα στους οποίους ήταν και ο παπά-Γιάννης από τη Φουρνή Μιραμπέλλου.

 «Οι άνθρωποι αυτοί απομονώθηκαν γιατί προκαλούσαν την αηδία των άλλων πολιτών με την παρουσία τους».Οι συνθήκες διαβίωσής τους ήταν άθλιες. Κατοικούσαν μέσα στις σπηλιές και μετέφεραν νερό από τα γύρω πηγάδια. 

Τις χρονιές όμως που υπήρχε ανομβρία, οι ιδιοκτήτες των πηγαδιών δεν επέτρεπαν στους λεπρούς να πάρουν νερό. Μετά από τις επίμονες προσπάθειές τους το 1890 κατασκευάστηκε ένας χαζινές (τουρκόβρυση), που υπάρχει μέχρι και σήμερα στη Χρυσοπηγή.

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