Το Φρούριο Φιρκάς Revellino Del Porto Στο Ενετικό Λιμάνι Των Χανίων

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Στη βορειοδυτική πλευρά του λιμανιού της πόλης των Χανίων, οι Βενετοί κατασκεύασαν το Revellino del Porto, ένα οχυρωματικό έργο για την προστασία του λιμανιού. Η κατασκευή του ξεκίνησε περίπου στα μέσα του 16ου αι. και ολοκληρώθηκε μερικά χρόνια πριν την πτώση της πόλης και την κατάληψή της από τους Τούρκους το 1645

2

Το κάστρο βρίσκεται στο βορειοδυτικό άκρο του ενετικού λιμένα των Χανίων. Σε περίπτωση πολιορκίας, μια χοντρή αλυσίδα από τον Φιρκά μέχρι τη βάση του φάρου στο άλλο άκρο της εισόδου, έκλεινε το λιμάνι.

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firka-air4

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Αν και το κάστρο είναι Βενετσιάνικο, το σημερινό όνομά του είναι τουρκικό. Οι Ενετοί αποκαλούσαν το κάστρο Revellino. Οι Τούρκοι το χρησιμοποιούσαν κυρίως σαν στρατώνα. Ο στρατώνας στα τούρκικα είναι Φίρκα.
Εσωτερικά ο χώρος ήταν διαμορφωμένος με κατάλληλα κτίσματα σε στρατώνες και αποθήκες πολεμικού υλικού. Επίσης ήταν η έδρα του στρατιωτικού διοικητή της πόλης. Στο μέσον περίπου της αυλής υπάρχει μια μεγάλη θολωτή δεξαμενή που συγκέντρωνε τα βρόχινα νερά των στεγών.

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Τη βόρεια πλευρά του Revellino καταλαμβάνει το συγκρότημα των έξι συνεχόμενων θόλων στους οποίους υπήρχαν οι μεγάλες κανονιοθυρίδες (casematte) μία σε κάθε θόλο, σχεδιασμένες έτσι ώστε τα πυρά των πυροβόλων να καλύπτουν την είσοδο του λιμανιού.
Οι χώροι των θόλων χρησιμοποιήθηκαν σαν φυλακές από τα χρόνια της Τουρκοκρατίας μέχρι τα χρόνια του εμφύλιου πολέμου. Στο γωνιακό πυργίσκο του φρουρίου υψώθηκε συμβολικά την 1 Δεκεμβρίου 1913 η σημαία της Ένωσης της Κρήτης με την Ελλάδα.

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